The tibia is weight-bearing, which means it supports your body when you. The fibula is closer to the outside of your body (lateral) than the tibia. The tibia is longer and forms part of your knee at its top (proximal) end and your ankle at its lower (distal) end. This article highlights the different types of splints and casts that are used in various circumstances and how each is applied. The tibia and fibula are the two bones that form your lower leg. Indications and accurate application techniques vary for each type of splint and cast commonly encountered in a primary care setting. Selection of a specific cast or splint varies based on the area of the body being treated, and on the acuity and stability of the injury. All patients who are placed in a splint or cast require careful monitoring to ensure proper recovery. In the event of a tibia fracture, the fibula is often broken as well. Occurring along the length of the bone below the knee and above the ankle, the fracture of the tibia typically requires major force. Excessive immobilization from continuous use of a cast or splint can lead to chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications (e.g., complex regional pain syndrome). The tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone in the human body, explains Kwadwo Owusu-Akyaw, MD, a sports medicine specialist. To maximize benefits while minimizing complications, the use of casts and splints is generally limited to the short term. Because of this, casts provide superior immobilization but are less forgiving, have higher complication rates, and are generally reserved for complex and/or definitive fracture management. Pilon fracture surgery usually is done in two steps to protect the skin and soft tissue. Once the fractures are healed, the goals are to restore your ankles movement and strength. This quality makes splints ideal for the management of a variety of acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated, such as acute fractures or sprains, or for initial stabilization of reduced, displaced, or unstable fractures before orthopedic intervention. The goals of pilon fracture surgery are to restore alignment and stability and allow healing of the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint. Splints are noncircumferential immobilizers that accommodate swelling. Management of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions requires the use of a cast or splint.
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